Tag: R Street Institute

  • Study Finds States Differ in Harm Reduction Efforts

    Study Finds States Differ in Harm Reduction Efforts

    A new R Street Institute report found that while some states support one type of harm reduction, those same states may actively oppose another type of harm reduction. 

    The report, “Progressive Except for Nicotine: A Discussion of States’ Inconsistent Adoption of Harm Reduction Public Policy, examined the harm reduction policy landscape across tobacco, opioids and cannabis in all 50 U.S. states.

    Researchers identified several important harm reduction-related policies that have varying levels of acceptance/implementation across different states or are currently in legislative flux: tobacco: state and municipal restrictions on electronic nicotine-delivery systems; opioids: states’ authorization of syringe services programs, decriminalization of drug checking equipment, and presence of state-imposed restrictions on methadone that go beyond federal regulations; and cannabis: the legal status of medical and recreational adult-use cannabis markets in each state.

    Researchers then used this information to rank states as “restrictive,” “moderate” or “permissive” on harm reduction with regard to each substance. These rankings were quantitatively compared for all states, and states deemed “restrictive” on at least one substance were qualitatively examined. 

    The report also showed that the five states most restrictive of reduced-risk nicotine products in tobacco harm reduction are California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island, and these states are relatively “permissive” when it comes to opioid harm reduction and cannabis use.

    The researchers have suggested that lawmakers reflect on the inconsistencies between harm reduction policies across substances and put political motivations aside to support harm reduction across all substances.

  • FDA Urged to Follow the Science for Vaping Rules

    FDA Urged to Follow the Science for Vaping Rules

    Photo: Pixel-Shot

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) should open the marketplace for electronic nicotine delivery systems to products with varied characteristics so that those interested in alternative nicotine products can access them, according to R Street resident senior fellow Jeffrey Smith.

    In a recently published analysis, Smith critiques the FDA’s disregard for the current research on ENDS, diving into new data that he says represents a “tectonic-shift in the academic medicine community” regarding the safety of ENDS for smoking cessation. 

    ”As evidence grows for the utility of ENDS and other potentially life-saving alternative products, the CTP continues to limit Americans’ access to these products,” writes Smith.

    “Though the CTP has received millions of applications for ENDS products, it has only allowed a few to be marketed legally in the United States. Of those that have received marketing clearance, only older closed systems have been approved—with tobacco as the only permitted flavor.”

    Arguing that a diverse range of ENDS products available to those who smoke and want to quit is critical to reducing the health burdens associated with smoking, Smith urges the CTP to revise its processes and procedures, and allow more cigarette alternatives on the market. Continued delay by the CTP, he says, will only lead to more unnecessary deaths and disease in the United States.

  • Flavors Help Save Lives According to New Study

    Flavors Help Save Lives According to New Study

    Image: Fotofabrika

    Today, the R Street Institute released a new report that explores how flavors are processed by the brain, especially as it pertains to tobacco and nicotine products. Using these findings, the author, Jeffrey Smith, resident senior fellow for integrated harm reduction policy at R Street, explains how flavor can influence behavior and why well-intentioned efforts to ban flavored tobacco and nicotine products can have unintended consequences in the fight to reduce smoking rates in the United States.

    This report comes at a crucial time as the debate over flavored tobacco and nicotine products continues at state, national, and international levels. Across the United States, policymakers are proposing or enacting flavor bans without fully appreciating the impact of their actions for adult smokers. And just this week, the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is hosting their 10th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP10), where many expect the WHO to continue its crusade against flavored, reduced-risk nicotine products.

    To reduce the nearly 500,000 smoking-related deaths that occur each year in the United States, the CTP must take a scientifically driven approach that recognizes the neurobiological rationale for allowing a wide variety of flavored, reduced-risk products to be available to adults—while minimizing youth access.

    Jeffrey Smith, resident senior fellow for integrated harm reduction policy, R Street

    Smoking rates have declined in recent years and, under the Trump administration, the age to purchase tobacco products was raised to 21. This has reduced youth use, and continued enforcement will help lower rates even more. However, millions of adults in the United States still smoke combustible cigarettes to the detriment of their health.

    A number of tools exist to help these individuals quit smoking. Flavor, for example, has been shown to help move adult smokers away from combustible cigarettes to alternative, reduced-risk products. This makes sense on the surface; if it tastes good, then it’s more appealing. However, in R Street’s report, author Jeffrey Smith goes far deeper and explains the neurobiological connections between flavor and behavior. While adults may seek tobacco flavored products to initially switch, other flavors help them maintain abstinence from cigarettes. In the end, flavor will save more lives, according to Smith’s research.

    “To reduce the nearly 500,000 smoking-related deaths that occur each year in the United States, the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) must take a scientifically driven approach that recognizes the neurobiological rationale for allowing a wide variety of flavored, reduced-risk products to be available to adults—while minimizing youth access,” said Smith in a statement. “It is essential that the CTP approve non-tobacco-flavored, reduced-risk products.”