Tag: science

  • Study: ‘Switchers’ See Improved Respiratory Health

    Study: ‘Switchers’ See Improved Respiratory Health

    VV Archives

    People who switch from smoking to vaping see improved respiratory health, but people who begin consuming electronic cigarettes while continuing to smoke regular cigarettes do not report improved respiratory symptoms, according to a new paper in Nicotine and Tobacco Research, published by Oxford University Press.

    Adults increasingly use electronic cigarettes to try to quit smoking because of the perceived reduced risk. But while vaping reduces exposure to toxic chemicals, it has been unclear whether switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes results in a reduction of the respiratory problems—like wheezing and coughing—common in regular cigarette smokers.

    Researchers used data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a national longitudinal measure of tobacco use in the United States performed by the National Institutes of Health. The investigators here observed adult participants between 2013 and 2019 who reported smoking cigarettes exclusively at the beginning of the investigation and reported a baseline cough or wheeze.

    The researchers divided the subjects into four groups: those who transitioned from exclusive cigarette smoking to quitting nicotine altogether, those who switched from cigarette smoking to vaping exclusively, those who continued to smoke cigarettes only, and those who kept smoking and also began vaping. 

    Completely switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes led to a moderate increase in the resolution of wheeze symptoms compared with persistent smoking. However, there were lower rates of respiratory symptom resolution among those transitioning to vaping while maintaining or increasing their smoking.

    Among 5,210 subjects with a baseline cough, 3,362 (65 percent) saw their coughs go away. Of the 5,367 people who reported a baseline wheeze, the researchers observed that 2,862 (53 percent) saw improvements. Switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes exclusively resulted in significantly reduced wheezing but not cough resolution. Transitioning to both smoking and vaping (versus just continuing to smoke cigarettes) was not associated with respiratory improvement overall or even among participants who reduced their cigarette smoking intensity.

    The researchers note that the rates of symptom resolution were 14 percent lower (for cough) and 15 percent lower (for wheeze) among those who switched to dual use and maintained or increased their smoking intensity; those who started using electronic cigarettes while continuing to smoke the same number of regular cigarettes saw their wheeze and coughing get worse.

    Switching from smoking cigarettes to quitting nicotine altogether was, perhaps unsurprisingly, associated with the best improvements in both coughs and wheezing.

  • Vapor Voice Exclusive: Rotting Your Boots

    Vapor Voice Exclusive: Rotting Your Boots

    Credit: Hutpaza

    Vaping opinions may vary depending on a person’s experience and knowledge.

    By George Gay

    On Aug. 24, The Guardian, the daily newspaper to which I subscribe, ran an opinion piece about nicotine pouches and vaping devices in its Journal section, which carries its leaders, opinions, letters, birthdays and obituaries. I much enjoy reading this section, in which the letters are often informative and the birthdays throw up some oddities.

    The famous people listed as having birthdays on the day of the paper are always briefly described in relation to the jobs or activities in which they are involved or, in some cases, the jobs or activities in which they were once involved. For instance, politicians who are no longer active in politics might be referred to as former Members of Parliament, but the “former” label is not usually applied to sportspeople, and this can lead to some amusing results.

    A person celebrating their 60th birthday, for instance, might be described simply as a javelin thrower, but the most impressive birthday announcement I have seen was in an April 2022 paper in which a 91-year-old man was described as a rugby player. Respect.

    The Journal always bears as part of its masthead the assertion that “comment is free … but facts are sacred,” a lofty statement that seems not always to be lived up to, especially when the subject is tobacco or nicotine, subjects about which the paper is po-faced in the extreme and often ill-informed.

    The opinion piece on Aug. 24 told how the writer, a vaper, faced with a six-hour rail journey during which she would not be able to vape, decided to buy some nicotine pouches in the hope that they would make the trip more palatable, even though she had not previously indulged in such products.

    On boarding her train, she placed a pouch in her mouth, but, after 15 minutes, had thrown the entire pack, and presumably the pouch she had experimented with, in the bin. Apparently, she spent the rest of her journey, five hours and 45 minutes, feeling nauseous but not throwing up on the table in front of her. Respect.

    This outcome was somewhat surprising since she also wrote that she had lived for some time in Sweden, where she had come across snus but not used it because she had been warned by friends that first-time users usually were made to feel ill. At this point, I thought the opinion might examine the need for nicotine pouch packs to provide information about how best to start using this product, perhaps suggesting only very limited exposure in the beginning.

    In fact, as I understand it, some products do carry such information in countries where the consumption of oral products is not already established and where the provision of such labeling is permitted.

    Perhaps there might have been a discussion on whether there should be available beginners’ packs with pouches that offer only slow, low-level nicotine deliveries. Such a discussion could then have looked at the ethical issue of offering pouches that might be seen by some as being aimed at people who were not already tobacco or nicotine users.

    It might have been interesting to look, also, at whether, to overcome this issue, all nicotine pouch packs might offer a range of nicotine deliveries. After all, perhaps even long-term users might like to have a low-hit product now and again.

    But no, the writer, Imogen West-Knights, had other ideas. She apparently started thinking about “nicotine and addiction in general.” Although West-Knights did not define what she meant by “addiction,” she had already declared that she was “pathetically addicted” to nicotine and her vape, and later wrote in two instances of nicotine as being “mind-warpingly” addictive.

    She was interested in what she said was a moral quandary thrown up by the question of whether it was “… bad for people to have access to a mind-warpingly addictive substance if it has no health consequences?” In the end, she took a libertarian stance and declared that what others did was none of her business nor that of the government.

    To my way of thinking, she came to the correct conclusion, but she could have saved herself a lot of anguish in respect of nicotine if she had taken the trouble firstly to define addiction. In writing that nicotine had no negative health consequences, she was, in effect, declaring that nicotine was not addictive.

    To be addictive, a product or an activity must be indulged in compulsively, and that activity must have negative health consequences, otherwise, breathing unpolluted air, if such were available, would constitute an addiction.

    I wrote a letter to the newspaper pointing this out, but it didn’t cut any ice. Obviously, what was written came under the “comment is free” part of the declaration, not the “our opposition to tobacco and nicotine is sacred” part.

    I don’t blame West-Knights for her confusion because she had apparently looked up the U.K. National Health Service’s Quit Smoking webpage and found that it stated that “although nicotine is addictive, it is relatively harmless.”

    In other words, the NHS had squeezed nicotine into the addictive category simply by inserting the phrase “relatively harmless.” But, of course, such a fudge raises its own issues because it clearly drags into the addictive sphere all sorts of other products and activities. Indeed, the writer raised the cases of coffee and sugar.

    Which leads me onto another addictive product, water. If, as above, addiction is taken to be the compulsive consumption of a substance or involvement in an activity that causes harm to the consumer or participant, then, apparently, both cigarettes and water are addictive. This came to my notice when reading in The London Review of Books a review by Steven Shapin of a book by Christy Spackman, The Taste of Water: Sensory Perception and the Making of an Industrialized Beverage.

    Shapin made the point that there was a suspicion, if not yet solid evidence, that the toxic pollutants in water posed risks to human health that took in cancer, damage to the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and interference with fertility and development. Sound familiar?

    And there is another parallel. “It is thought that the monetary scale of American lawsuits against companies responsible for PFAS [perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances] water pollution may eventually dwarf those involving asbestos and tobacco, considering that people are in a position to decide whether or not to smoke cigarettes, but everybody has to drink water,” Shapin wrote.

    He made the point too that there are potentially dangerous things in water that are difficult for the consumer to detect because they don’t taste, smell or look odd. He didn’t contrast water and tobacco in this instance, but it is the case that cigarette smoke doesn’t sneak up on you in this way because it has a particular smell and is highly visible.

    For the sake of my health, I think it might be time to try overcoming my long-term addiction to water. My grandfather, a beer aficionado of some note, warned me on many occasions that water rotted your boots. Respect.

  • Honeywell to Make Chemicals From Industrial Hemp

    Honeywell to Make Chemicals From Industrial Hemp

    Credit: Wolterke

    Honeywell has announced a partnership with a US bioenergy company to produce biochemicals from industrial hemp and other non-food crops.

    Honeywell, a huge multinational corporation, has its fingers in several pies, including energy and sustainability solutions. SGP BioEnergy is a fully integrated bioenergy products development firm based in New York, according to media reports. The pair announced last week that they are teaming up to develop new technology to convert industrial hemp and other biomass materials into biochemicals that can be used to produce plastics and other everyday items.

    Under the arrangement, Honeywell will develop new feedstock tech and ongoing operational support and workforce training, while SGP BioEnergy will provide the infrastructure, workforce, and second-generation feedstock via its “Ready. Grow” program. The program delivers low-carbon-intensity feedstocks with full traceability and sustainable certification using the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC).

    “By using hemp and other non-edible feedstocks to produce these important chemicals, Honeywell and SGP BioEnergy are helping to reduce the world’s reliance on fossil fuels without impacting the food chain,” said Honeywell’s Bryan Glover.

    While hemp can be used as a food crop, industrial hemp, as the name suggests, can be used for other purposes, including cordage, building materials, textiles, paper, biofuel, and bioplastics. Furthermore, it can help restore soil integrity to damaged and depleted farm soils.

  • ‘Never Smoker’ Ill-Defined in Recent Study: UKVIA

    ‘Never Smoker’ Ill-Defined in Recent Study: UKVIA

    Photo: Tobacco Reporter archive

    A recent study suggesting there are more vapers without a history of smoking in England improperly defines “never smokers,” according to the U.K. Vaping Industry Association (UKVIA).

    “This new research talks about ‘never-regular-smokers’ vaping, their definition for this being people who have not smoked for more than a year,” said UKVIA Director General John Dunne in a statement.

    “This definition is problematic as it does not exclusively include what most people would define as nonsmokers. As the study authors also point out, it is impossible to say if their cohort, whether experimenting with cigarettes already or not, would not have become smokers were it not for vapes.

    “The authors themselves also note that some people have genes and circumstances leading them to like nicotine products; traditionally, they ended up smoking, but some are now discovering vaping without becoming smokers first. If vaping did not exist, they would be smoking.

    “Vaping should only be for smokers looking to quit, but we also need to ensure that those smokers continue to have access to what they need in order to quit.”    

  • Cannabis Research Institute Opens in Chicago

    Cannabis Research Institute Opens in Chicago

    Credit: Spiroview

    Illinois has launched the Cannabis Research Institute (CRI), a first-of-its-kind center in the American Midwest for innovative pot studies.

    The new research hub announced last week will be a joint venture between the State of Illinois, the City of Chicago, and Discovery Partners Institute (DPI), part of the University of Illinois system.

    The institute’s aim is to develop a comprehensive body of data and research to educate the public about the socio-economic and scientific impacts of pot production and usage.

    The institute plans to undertake broad research covering everything from crop management to social impacts and health and wellness, media outlets report.

    Example topics will include the efficacy of pot and cannabis extracts for treating medical ailments such as inflammation and anxiety; the impact of legalization on the community and broader society; public health ramifications of legalizing adult-use cannabis; and the improvement of pot plants through controlled environmental conditions.

    To help ensure the CRI accomplishes those goals the DPI will be forming and leading a research team comprised of different communities, research institutions, businesses and government authorities.

  • Cigarette Alternatives Gaining Ground in Europe

    Cigarette Alternatives Gaining Ground in Europe

    Photo: Tobacco Reporter archive

    Cigarette sales declined across Western Europe in 2023, but increased slightly at a regional level due to the strong growth in Turkey, where illicit trade was falling and the smoking population was growing, according to a new report published by Research and Markets.

    Sales of next-generation products continue to grow in Western Europe, with even an upcoming ban on disposable vapes in the U.K., their biggest regional market, not expected to significantly impact this trend, with Italy remaining the leading market for heated tobacco products regionally.

    Rising prices, due to the global inflationary environment and ongoing tax hikes, increasing health awareness and competition from next-generation products is resulting in declining unit volume sales of cigarettes across most of Western Europe, with little likelihood of this changing over the forecast period.

    Although slower than in the two previous years, closed-system single-use vaping products were still recording growth in the U.K. in 2023. However, with concerns about the throwaway nature of disposable vapes as well as their attraction to underage smokers, the U.K. government announced a ban on these products from early 2025, which force industry players to shift their focus toward open and other closed vaping products.

    The nicotine pouches category is expected to see strong growth over the forecast period. Sweden will continue to be the leading country market in Western Europe, but Finland is expected to take over from Denmark as the second biggest in the region over 2023-2028. This is due to the Finnish authorities deregulating the sale of these products in mid-2023.

    Heated tobacco products will be accounting for just over half of overall smokeless tobacco, e-vapor products and heated tobacco sales at the end of the forecast period, having recorded further growth in the coming years. Philip Morris International continues to drive the development of the category, rolling out its new IQOS Iluma devices and Terea sticks across the region, with the other tobacco giants also present with devices like Ploom (Japan Tobacco International), Glo (British American Tobacco) or Pulze (Imperial Brands).

  • Accorto Joins Global Institute for Novel Nicotine

    Accorto Joins Global Institute for Novel Nicotine

    Accorto Regulatory Solutions has joined the Global Institute for Novel Nicotine (GINN), an organization dedicated to advancing tobacco harm reduction through supporting the research and development of non-vaporized tobacco alternatives for adult smokers. The GINN also promotes compliance standards, focusing on youth access prevention, responsible marketing and product quality.

    Accorto Chief Scientific Officer Vince Angelico will join the GINN’s science and standards committee, which helps shape regulatory recommendations for the industry.

    “Becoming a member of GINN is a pivotal move in our ongoing commitment to advancing public health through robust, evidence-based regulation,” said Accorto Regulatory Solutions CEO Tom Beaudet in a statement. “GINN’s dedication to upholding industry integrity and prioritizing consumer safety mirrors our own values. We are eager to collaborate with fellow members to drive impactful progress in the tobacco harm reduction space.”

    Through this collaboration, Accorto Regulatory Solutions aims to contribute to the development of comprehensive, science-driven regulations that will enhance public health outcomes and promote responsible industry practices. Additionally, Accorto says it is dedicated to helping GINN members with novel, science-backed reduced-risk products fortify their regulatory applications, enabling these products to reach the market.

    “Accorto Regulatory Solutions joining GINN marks a significant step forward in our shared mission to advance tobacco harm reduction through evidence-based regulation,” said GINN Director Shem Baldeosingh. “Accorto’s deep expertise in regulatory compliance and their commitment to public health align perfectly with GINN’s core values. We are particularly excited about Dr. Vince Angelico’s involvement in our science and standards committee, as it will further enhance our ability to develop comprehensive, science-driven regulatory frameworks that support the safe and responsible marketing of reduced-risk nicotine products.”

  • Research Grant to Study Biopesticides for Hemp

    Research Grant to Study Biopesticides for Hemp

    Credit: Mex Chriss

    The economic importance of hemp is increasing globally and in the United States. However, because federal laws restricted hemp growth and research until recently, commercial hemp production lacks best practices for cultivation, including effective and safe pest and disease management.

    The Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research’s (FFAR) Hemp Research Consortium is providing Cornell University with a $210,000 grant to identify biologically derived crop protection products—biopesticides—to control hemp’s major pest and disease threats.

    BioWorks and the University of Kentucky (UK) are participating in the research, and BioWorks is providing matching funds for a total investment of $420,000.

    “Research on hemp production is still in its infancy, and pests and disease can be an overwhelming challenge for many growers,” said Kathy Munkvold, FFAR scientific program director. “This project is providing actionable knowledge that will help the hemp production industry thrive.”

    Companies developing crop protection products currently focus on fruit, vegetable, and commodity crops such as corn and soy, rather than newer crops like hemp. This project seeks to fill that gap through a partnership between academic institutions and industry, according to a press release.

    Researchers at Cornell, BioWorks and UK, led by Christine Smart, director of Cornell AgriTech, are determining the effectiveness of biopesticides against several hemp diseases and investigating the tolerance of hemp crops to these products.

    They are also studying the compatibility of biopesticides with other crop protection products used in hemp production. In addition, the team is examining how long the microbes in bioproducts remain on the plant, which is important for product application timing and post-harvest hemp microbial testing required for some hemp products.

    The research will broaden the understanding of how to effectively manage the pests and diseases that undermine hemp production and inform recommendations for controlling those threats. Ultimately, growers will save money through the proper use of inputs and higher crop yield, and consumers will gain more comprehensive access to safe, high-quality hemp products, according to a press release.

    “Hemp growers are looking for information on pest and disease control, and I am enthusiastic that this project will enable improved management strategies,” said Smart.

    To learn more about this grant, visit the Evaluating Biopesticides for the Treatment of Hemp page on FFAR’s website.

  • BAT Agrees to Host 2024 CORESTA Congress

    BAT Agrees to Host 2024 CORESTA Congress

    VV Archives

    The UK-based company will host the 2024 CORESTA Congress in Edinburgh, UK, from 13 – 17 Oct.

    • The Congress will bring together leading scientists, tobacco and related product experts, and regulators from over 165 member organizations to focus on the theme of “Advancing Tobacco Harm Reduction through Scientific Collaboration.”
    • Participants will share, discuss, and collaborate on tobacco and related product
      science.

    BAT has volunteered to host the upcoming Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative
    to Tobacco (CORESTA) Congress 2024, set to take place from 13 – 17 October at the Edinburgh
    International Convention Centre, UK.

    This year’s congress will bring together over 165 member organizations, from over 30 countries
    and non-members, including companies, research institutes, laboratories, associations, and
    regulatory bodies under the theme of “Advancing Tobacco Harm Reduction through Scientific
    Collaboration”.

    Formed in 1956, CORESTA is committed to exploring the latest scientific research to facilitate
    positive change in the tobacco industry. This year’s iteration continues this ambition, specifically
    seeking to advance the knowledge and understanding of the science related to Tobacco Harm
    Reduction (THR) among its membership and attendees.

    To achieve this goal, leading scientists from across the world will attend and present their work, bringing their expertise in a diverse range of disciplines to allow participants to explore all aspects of THR. Thanks to the collaborative work of the most experienced scientists in their field, CORESTA has gained international recognition.

    With increasing regulatory requirements, CORESTA’s scientific work and outputs have become a worldwide reference point for tobacco policymaking and support the development of testing standards, such as ISO Standards.

    As host, BAT looks forward to facilitating the conversations necessary to grasp the public health opportunity presented by THR to significantly reduce the risks for the estimated 1bn consumers who smoke and address misperceptions of alternative tobacco and nicotine products with the potential to reduce risks compared to cigarettes.

    To learn more about the event and request an invitation, visit the official congress website: www.corestacongress2024.com. Registration is open until Sept. 20, 2024.

  • RLX Revenue Jumps 66 Percent to $86.3 Million

    RLX Revenue Jumps 66 Percent to $86.3 Million

    Photo: RLX Technology

    RLX Technology reported net revenues of RMB627.2 million ($86.3 million) in the second quarter of 2024, up 66 percent from the comparable 2023 quarter. U.S. GAAP net income was RMB134.9 million, down from RMB204.7 million in the same period of 2023. Non-GAAP soared to RMB213.1 million from RMB86.2 million. Gross profit was RMB157.9 million, compared with RMB98.5 million in the comparable 2023 period.

    “We delivered a strong second quarter performance as revenue continued to increase sequentially, driven by our international business expansion,” said RLX Chairperson and CEO Ying (Kate) Wang in a statement.  

    “Our deep exploration of overseas markets and regulations has provided us with valuable insights into the global e-vapor landscape, enabling us to create effective, targeted regional strategies. This year, global regulations are rapidly evolving, with more regulators recognizing e-vapor products as harm-reduction tools for adult smokers. Leveraging our broad expertise in regulatory compliance, we are well-prepared to navigate these changes and ensure a seamless transition for our users and partners.”

    Chief Financial Officer Chao Lu said the considerable year-on-year increase in net revenues reflected the company’s ability to capture growth opportunities in international markets. “While our gross margin declined slightly due to an unfavorable shift in our revenue mix, disciplined cost management bolstered our non-GAAP operating profit margins,” he said.

    “Looking ahead, we are confident of driving continued improvement in both our top and bottom lines, fueled by ongoing revenue growth from international markets and our relentless focus on operational efficiency. As always, our priority is to deliver sustainable and profitable returns to our shareholders.”